Traumatic Brain Injury in Sport with Special Focus on Biomarkers of Concussion Injury

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is typically categorized as being mild, moderate, or severe. Over the years much of the research focus has been geared toward moderate and severe TBI as these injuries are seen most often in the clinical setting. In contrast, mild TBI is more difficult to diagnose and there is inconsistency within the literature on how exactly mild TBI should be diagnosed. Even more difficult to diagnose than mild TBI is concussion injury. Concussions have been a recent and constant news headline for the past several years as evidence suggests that repeated concussive and sub-concussive impacts due to sports play, especially American football, can result in permanent brain damage. Therefore, it is the purpose of this short communication to shed light on recent research into the discovery of an objective and reliable biomarker to assess concussion injury.