Trauma-informed practice for children and young people with intellectual disabilities: a scoping review

Background:
There is growing consensus that children and young people (CYP) with an intellectual disability are more likely to experience trauma than those in the general population which can exacerbate their vulnerabilities and developmental challenges. Trauma-informed practices (TIPs) have been used to support those who have experienced trauma, but we need to know more about the implementation of TIPs with this population.

Aim:
The study aimed to synthesise research investigating TIPs for CYP with intellectual disability. The review examined what TIPs, policies, and models have been implemented, the effectiveness of these, and barriers/facilitators of trauma-informed intervention implementation.

Methods:
A scoping review was conducted of quantitative and qualitative research. In total, 11 studies met the inclusion criteria. Study findings were analysed using a narrative synthesis approach.

Findings:
The review identified several TIPs that have been used to support CYP with intellectual disability. However, limited intervention studies were found. Teacher training was discussed as a barrier and facilitator of TIP. Training is needed to enhance staffs’ ability, skills and knowledge. It was also reported that adaptations to usual TIP can enhance efficacy.

Conclusions:
The findings have implications for research, practice and policy. More intervention studies are needed with this population. Policymakers must recognise the importance of teacher training and take action to provide such opportunities. We also urge practitioners to make adaptations to usual trauma therapy when working with CYP with intellectual disability. In doing so, such individuals may overcome trauma-related barriers and achieve positive developmental outcomes.