The effect of interruptions on prescribing accuracy with relevance to advanced practice: an integrative review of the research literature

Aim:
To explore the impact of interruptions and distractions on prescribing accuracy among independent non-medical prescribers, including advanced practitioners.

Design:
A narrative, integrative review of peer-reviewed research literature.

Methods:
A systematic search of Medline, APA PsychInfo, and CINAHL databases was conducted between 29 January 2022 and 7 February 2025. Boolean search strategies were used to identify relevant studies published in English from 2000 onwards. Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria. Thematic analysis was employed to synthesise findings across qualitative and quantitative methodologies. Data were derived from the key findings of the included papers.

Results:
Three key themes emerged:
(1) interruptions are associated with increased prescribing error rates,
(2) prescribers perceive interruptions as a cause of error, and
(3) less distracting environments correlate with improved prescribing accuracy.
The review also highlights underrepresentation of independent non-medical prescribers in current research.

Conclusion:
Interruptions negatively affect prescribing accuracy. Protected environments and further research into cognitive load and prescribing safety are recommended. Inclusive years of literature search: 2000–2025.