Neo-pentecostalism and entrepreneurialism in the African context: a fusion of religion and capitalism?

Studies on African Neo-Pentecostalism and entrepreneurship frequently assumes that the entrepreneurial activities of these churches offer innovative solutions to addressing social and economic challenges in African contexts. This assumption fails to consider the increasing conflicts between spiritual leadership and economic exploitation, where the pursuit of entrepreneurial success frequently undermines the well-being of congregants. This study employs Pentecostal Ethics as a theoretical framework to interrogate the prevailing narrative, examining the intricate ethical and social dynamics inherent in Neo-Pentecostal entrepreneurship.

A Parallel Mixed Method approach was utilised, combining Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) for quantitative analysis with thematic analysis for qualitative data. SEM facilitated an examination of the relationships between entrepreneurial activities and perceptions of exploitation, whereas thematic analysis provided deeper insights into congregants' perceptions regarding the intersection of faith and economics. The findings indicate that numerous Neo-Pentecostal leaders are perceived as placing personal wealth above the congregation and community welfare, which contradicts their spiritual teachings rooted in Pentecostal Ethics. This research underscores a notable disparity between the religious and economic commitments articulated by these leaders and the actual experiences of congregants. Our unique contribution is the demonstration of how entrepreneurial activities within Neo-Pentecostalism frequently intensify social inequalities instead of mitigating them.

This study explores the complex dynamics between African Neo-Pentecostalism and entrepreneurialism, highlighting the interplay of spirituality, economics, and cultural adaptation. The findings necessitate a thorough reassessment of the ethical frameworks that govern religious entrepreneurship. There is a clear need for a more equitable approach that prioritises both spiritual and economic support for congregants, in accordance with the fundamental principles of Pentecostal Ethics.