Monitoring and assessment of water level fluctuations of the Lake Urmia and its environmental consequences using multitemporal Landsat 7 ETM+ images

Viet-Ha Nhu; Ayub Mohammadi; Himan Shahabi; Ataollah Shirzadi; Nadhir Al-Ansari; Baharin Bin Ahmad; Wei Chen; Masood Khodadadi; Mehdi Ahmadi; Khabat Khosravi; Abolfazl Jaafari; Hoang Nguyen

doi:10.3390/ijerph17124210

Monitoring and assessment of water level fluctuations of the Lake Urmia and its environmental consequences using multitemporal Landsat 7 ETM+ images

Viet-Ha Nhu, Ayub Mohammadi, Himan Shahabi, Ataollah Shirzadi, Nadhir Al-Ansari, Baharin Bin Ahmad, Wei Chen, Masood Khodadadi, Mehdi Ahmadi, Khabat Khosravi, Abolfazl Jaafari, Hoang Nguyen

School of Business and Creative Industries

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Abstract

The declining water level in Lake Urmia has become a significant issue for Iranian policy and decision makers. This lake has been experiencing an abrupt decrease in water level and is at real risk of becoming a complete saline land. Because of its position, assessment of changes in the Lake Urmia is essential. This study aims to evaluate changes in the water level of Lake Urmia using the space-borne remote sensing and GIS techniques. Therefore, multispectral Landsat 7 ETM+ images for the years 2000, 2010, and 2017 were acquired. In addition, precipitation and temperature data for 31 years between 1986 and 2017 were collected for further analysis. Results indicate that the increased temperature (by 19%), decreased rainfall of about 62%, and excessive damming in the Urmia Basin along with mismanagement of water resources are the key factors in the declining water level of Lake Urmia. Furthermore, the current research predicts the potential environmental crisis as the result of the lake shrinking and suggests a few possible alternatives. The insights provided by this study can be beneficial for environmentalists and related organizations working on this and similar topics.

Original language	English
Article number	4210
Number of pages	17
Journal	International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Volume	17
Issue number	12
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124210
Publication status	Published - 12 Jun 2020

Keywords

Lake Urmia
Iran
water level fluctuation
environmental consequences
remote sensing
GIS

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10.3390/ijerph17124210Licence: CC BY

2020 06 09 Nhu et al Water finalFinal published version, 5.02 MBLicence: CC BY

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Nhu, V.-H., Mohammadi, A., Shahabi, H., Shirzadi, A., Al-Ansari, N., Bin Ahmad, B., Chen, W., Khodadadi, M., Ahmadi, M., Khosravi, K., Jaafari, A., & Nguyen, H. (2020). Monitoring and assessment of water level fluctuations of the Lake Urmia and its environmental consequences using multitemporal Landsat 7 ETM+ images. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(12), Article 4210. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124210

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abstract = "The declining water level in Lake Urmia has become a significant issue for Iranian policy and decision makers. This lake has been experiencing an abrupt decrease in water level and is at real risk of becoming a complete saline land. Because of its position, assessment of changes in the Lake Urmia is essential. This study aims to evaluate changes in the water level of Lake Urmia using the space-borne remote sensing and GIS techniques. Therefore, multispectral Landsat 7 ETM+ images for the years 2000, 2010, and 2017 were acquired. In addition, precipitation and temperature data for 31 years between 1986 and 2017 were collected for further analysis. Results indicate that the increased temperature (by 19%), decreased rainfall of about 62%, and excessive damming in the Urmia Basin along with mismanagement of water resources are the key factors in the declining water level of Lake Urmia. Furthermore, the current research predicts the potential environmental crisis as the result of the lake shrinking and suggests a few possible alternatives. The insights provided by this study can be beneficial for environmentalists and related organizations working on this and similar topics.",

keywords = "Lake Urmia, Iran, water level fluctuation, environmental consequences, remote sensing, GIS",

author = "Viet-Ha Nhu and Ayub Mohammadi and Himan Shahabi and Ataollah Shirzadi and Nadhir Al-Ansari and {Bin Ahmad}, Baharin and Wei Chen and Masood Khodadadi and Mehdi Ahmadi and Khabat Khosravi and Abolfazl Jaafari and Hoang Nguyen",

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Nhu, V-H, Mohammadi, A, Shahabi, H, Shirzadi, A, Al-Ansari, N, Bin Ahmad, B, Chen, W, Khodadadi, M, Ahmadi, M, Khosravi, K, Jaafari, A & Nguyen, H 2020, 'Monitoring and assessment of water level fluctuations of the Lake Urmia and its environmental consequences using multitemporal Landsat 7 ETM+ images', International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 17, no. 12, 4210. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124210

Monitoring and assessment of water level fluctuations of the Lake Urmia and its environmental consequences using multitemporal Landsat 7 ETM+ images. / Nhu, Viet-Ha; Mohammadi, Ayub; Shahabi, Himan et al.
In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol. 17, No. 12, 4210, 12.06.2020.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Monitoring and assessment of water level fluctuations of the Lake Urmia and its environmental consequences using multitemporal Landsat 7 ETM+ images

AU - Nhu, Viet-Ha

AU - Mohammadi, Ayub

AU - Shahabi, Himan

AU - Shirzadi, Ataollah

AU - Al-Ansari, Nadhir

AU - Bin Ahmad, Baharin

AU - Chen, Wei

AU - Khodadadi, Masood

AU - Ahmadi, Mehdi

AU - Khosravi, Khabat

AU - Jaafari, Abolfazl

AU - Nguyen, Hoang

PY - 2020/6/12

Y1 - 2020/6/12

N2 - The declining water level in Lake Urmia has become a significant issue for Iranian policy and decision makers. This lake has been experiencing an abrupt decrease in water level and is at real risk of becoming a complete saline land. Because of its position, assessment of changes in the Lake Urmia is essential. This study aims to evaluate changes in the water level of Lake Urmia using the space-borne remote sensing and GIS techniques. Therefore, multispectral Landsat 7 ETM+ images for the years 2000, 2010, and 2017 were acquired. In addition, precipitation and temperature data for 31 years between 1986 and 2017 were collected for further analysis. Results indicate that the increased temperature (by 19%), decreased rainfall of about 62%, and excessive damming in the Urmia Basin along with mismanagement of water resources are the key factors in the declining water level of Lake Urmia. Furthermore, the current research predicts the potential environmental crisis as the result of the lake shrinking and suggests a few possible alternatives. The insights provided by this study can be beneficial for environmentalists and related organizations working on this and similar topics.

AB - The declining water level in Lake Urmia has become a significant issue for Iranian policy and decision makers. This lake has been experiencing an abrupt decrease in water level and is at real risk of becoming a complete saline land. Because of its position, assessment of changes in the Lake Urmia is essential. This study aims to evaluate changes in the water level of Lake Urmia using the space-borne remote sensing and GIS techniques. Therefore, multispectral Landsat 7 ETM+ images for the years 2000, 2010, and 2017 were acquired. In addition, precipitation and temperature data for 31 years between 1986 and 2017 were collected for further analysis. Results indicate that the increased temperature (by 19%), decreased rainfall of about 62%, and excessive damming in the Urmia Basin along with mismanagement of water resources are the key factors in the declining water level of Lake Urmia. Furthermore, the current research predicts the potential environmental crisis as the result of the lake shrinking and suggests a few possible alternatives. The insights provided by this study can be beneficial for environmentalists and related organizations working on this and similar topics.

KW - Lake Urmia

KW - Iran

KW - water level fluctuation

KW - environmental consequences

KW - remote sensing

KW - GIS

U2 - 10.3390/ijerph17124210

DO - 10.3390/ijerph17124210

M3 - Article

SN - 1661-7827

VL - 17

JO - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

JF - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

IS - 12

M1 - 4210

ER -

Monitoring and assessment of water level fluctuations of the Lake Urmia and its environmental consequences using multitemporal Landsat 7 ETM+ images

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