Magnetorheological fluids technology and its applications in the biomedical field

Magnetorheological (MR) fluid is a specific class of smart materials that is capable of responding to changes in their environment. They are materials that change their rheological properties from a free-flowing liquid state in the absence of magnetic field to a solid-like state in the presence of magnetic field. This review paper focuses on the state-of-the-art applications of magnetorheological (MR) fluid in the development and design of the biomedical equipment. The current paper addresses four applications of MR fluids in biomedical field: development of teleoperation technology, the design of prosthetic devices, the design of rehabilitation devices and dental implant devices. For each application, the authors introduced a tabulated summary of the key features, MR fluid used, applications, capabilities and limitations of each device.