Kinematic alterations with changes in putting distance and slope incline in recreational golfers

Golfers must modify their motor patterns when the demands of a putting task change. The objective was to compare joint angles and putter kinematics during putting at two distances and inclines. Recreational golfers (n = 14) completed putts over four conditions: 3-foot putts on flat and incline surfaces, and 7-foot putts on flat and incline surfaces. A Vicon motion capture system measured kinematic data. Joint angles, putter angles, and spatiotemporal variables were calculated. Analysis of variance compared spatiotemporal variables, and statistical parametric mapping compared angles between putts. There were faster putter head and ball velocities during longer and incline putts. The amplitude and time of backswing increased with longer putts. Longer putts resulted in increased trunk axial rotation during backswing, downswing, and follow-through, while incline putts only resulted in greater rotation during follow-through. There were minimal differences in shoulder angle. There was greater head rotation toward the hole during all putting phases for longer putts and during follow-through for incline putts. The trunk is the primary mechanism to increase putter head amplitude, and thereby velocity, when putting from longer distances. A similar strategy could be used when putting uphill. Additional work should confirm these results in highly skilled golfers.