Investigating female students’ entrepreneurial intention in the UK and Pakistan: an application of TPB

This chapter investigates female students’ entrepreneurship intention in the UK and Pakistan and examine if culture moderates the three constructs of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). We utilize a considerable sample size (no = 379) representing female students in the UK and Pakistan to test the TPB model to measure students’ entrepreneurial intention. Six hypotheses were formulated and surveyed amongst the sampled population where the survey data have been analyzed through structural equation modelling SEM. The findings show that attitude and subjective norms are positively related to entrepreneurial intentions, while perceived behaviour control does not contribute to entrepreneurial intention. Overall, culture does moderate the relationships between attitude and intention, subjective norms and intention, perceived behaviour control and intention. This research provides a guide to policy-makers in international organisations as well as UK and Pakistan higher education institutions by revealing the extent to which female University students are willing to conduct entrepreneurial projects in order to assist in making informed decisions on entrepreneurship practices.