Electric vehicle as a service (EVaaS): applications, challenges and enablers

Ifiok Anthony Umoren, Muhammad Zeeshan Shakir*

*Corresponding author for this work

    Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

    8 Citations (Scopus)
    43 Downloads (Pure)

    Abstract

    Under the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) concept, electric vehicles (EVs) can be deployed as loads to absorb excess production or as distributed energy resources to supply part of their stored energy back to the grid. This paper overviews the technologies, technical components and system requirements needed for EV deployment. Electric vehicle as a service (EVaaS) exploits V2G technology to develop a system where suitable EVs within the distribution network are chosen individually or in aggregate to exchange energy with the grid, individual customers or both. The EVaaS framework is introduced, and interactions among EVaaS subsystems such as EV batteries, charging stations, loads and advanced metering infrastructure are studied. The communication infrastructure and processing facilities that enable data and information exchange between EVs and the grid are reviewed. Different strategies for EV charging/discharging and their impact on the distribution grid are reviewed. Several market designs that incentivize energy trading in V2G environments are discussed. The benefits of V2G are studied from the perspectives of ancillary services, supporting of renewables and the environment. The challenges to V2G are studied with respect to battery degradation, energy conversion losses and effects on distribution system.
    Original languageEnglish
    Article number7207
    JournalEnergies
    Volume15
    Issue number19
    Early online date30 Sept 2022
    DOIs
    Publication statusPublished - 1 Oct 2022

    Keywords

    • electric vehilce
    • vehicle-to-grid (V2G)
    • smart grid
    • communication
    • energy trading
    • charging
    • electric vehicles as a service (EVaaS)

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