Driving strategic success: the use of project-based work methods in the West African construction industry

This study systematically explores the role of project-based work methodologies in strategy implementation within the construction industry in West Africa. The study aimed at identifying commonly used methodologies, evaluating their impact on project outcomes, and examining implementation challenges. Using a systematic literature review approach, thirty peer-reviewed studies published between 2012 and 2024 were selected based on inclusion criteria and assessed for quality using the CASP checklist and PRISMA framework. Thematic analysis was employed to synthesise findings. The result of the study reveals that methodologies such as Building Information Modelling (BIM), lean construction, Earned Value Management (EVM), Critical Path Method (CPM), systems thinking, and green building practices are increasingly utilised in the region. These methodologies enhance project delivery through improved scheduling, cost control, collaboration, and sustainability. Their adoption has led to measurable outcomes including enhanced resource management, improved stakeholder engagement, and project flexibility. However, the study also highlights persistent barriers: limited technical expertise, low awareness of digital tools, inadequate infrastructure, and regulatory bottlenecks. Notably, while Nigeria and Ghana lead in adopting digital and lean methods, other countries in the sub-region lag due to financial and institutional constraints. The review further identifies gaps in the integration of systems thinking and green construction practices due to high costs and weak policy enforcement. The study concludes that successful strategy execution in West African construction projects hinges on tailored adoption of project-based methodologies, underpinned by robust training, stakeholder alignment, and government support. It was recommended that policymakers and industry stakeholders invest in capacity building and digital transformation to enhance strategy implementation outcomes. This research contributes to bridging the contextual knowledge gap on project methodology adoption in sub-Saharan Africa and offers insights for more effective construction project governance.