Design for manufacturing and assembly (DFMA) in the industrialization of buildings and its evolution of large-scale structural design: a critical review

As the construction industry seeks greater sustainability, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness, Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DFMA) has emerged as a key driver in the industrialization of buildings. This paper critically reviews the application of DFMA in building industrialization and its evolution in large-scale structural design. By simplifying designs, standardizing components, and optimizing assembly processes, DFMA enhances productivity, reduces costs, and minimizes environmental impacts at construction sites. The review begins by outlining the core principles of DFMA and its proven successes in manufacturing, followed by an analysis of its practical implementation in the construction sector, highlighting case studies such as the Forge office building in London and the PPVC initiative in Singapore. The paper then discusses challenges and opportunities associated with DFMA in large-scale structural design, particularly regarding early-stage design integration, supply chain coordination, and automated prefabrication. Furthermore, it evaluates DFMA’s broader impact on the future of construction, including implications for education and training, regulatory frameworks, and sustainability. The review concludes by identifying key success factors and suggesting directions for future research in DFMA implementation.