Decision support models for site remediation: an evaluation of industry practice in China

China is currently facing great challenges in preventing land from further contamination by industrial activity. We evaluated the current state of business activity supporting the prevention and control of soil pollution through good waste management practice to restrict further soil contamination. The study focused on understanding drivers to improve the development of business activity in both waste management and remediation sectors in China. The status of organizations which manage solid waste and industrial operations providing remediation, professional materials, equipment, and approaches to site management are highlighted. Using questionnaires and a limited number of follow-up interviews, we consulted with remediation practitioners (>100 respondents including construction contracting workers, consultancy, equipment suppliers, and government department employees) working across China. The results identified that the site risk assessment and the wider construction phases for site remediation are typically based on guidelines from government and/or local government. The most frequently used materials for solidification or stabilization during remediation were clay minerals. Local government funds financed most remediation activities. Waste recycling would be a path to further reduce pollution from site development and its application in remediation techniques is possible. In addition to remediation methods, a strategic framework can be employed to provide decision support when assessing sites or decision-making for remediation projects. The priorities for remediation highlight that two types of soil use (arable land and land for construction) should be prioritized for remediation. This evaluation of industry practice provides useful models for wider decision-making in site remediation.