Critical analysis of Scottish local authorities bulky waste services: implications for leaks in the circular economy model

Fly-tipping is the illegal disposal of waste onto land and can range from a bin bag of household waste to copious quantities of domestic, commercial or construction waste. A decade after the Paris Agreement 2015 on climate change, there is increased urgency to implement inclusive policies that can contribute to sustainable waste management services and reduce the environmental impacts of fly-tipping. This study explores the characteristics of bulky waste kerbside collection services through analysis of website disclosures from local authorities across Scotland. A database was constructed to identify potential barriers to service uptake and provide insights for policy makers and waste managers. It is crucial to ensure that materials from this discrete waste stream do not leak out of the circular economy approach being pursued by the Scottish Government. The findings highlight underlying factors that may influence resident engagement with bulky uplift services and emphasise the importance of effective communication and inclusive policies for local authorities and waste managers. Our findings reveal critical gaps in accessibility, affordability, and operational design that may inhibit service uptake and contribute to fly-tipping. Recommendations include the adoption of inclusive booking and payment methods, progressive pricing policies, and coordinated digital solutions such as a unified smartphone app. These measures could support legitimate disposal behaviours, reduce environmental harm caused by fly-tipping, and strengthen Scotland’s circular economy outcomes. Mitigating fly-tipping and improving bulky item disposal routes can reduce greenhouse gas emissions from landfill and support Scotland’s climate targets by retaining products and materials in circulation.