Comprehensive review of location privacy preservation techniques in location-based services (LBS)

In the modern world of technology, location-based services are widely used in various applications, such as smartphones, smart vehicles, and smart cities. When requesting a point of interest from location-based or third-party services, these services require users to enable location services. The primary purpose of this study is to identify research gaps and future research directions in location-based privacy preservation. The study involved reviewing research papers, white papers, and technical reports on this topic from various sources. It reviews the literature on location-based services, identifies research gaps and limitations, and suggests future directions. This paper also reviews various techniques used to address these issues, along with their categorization. It highlights research gaps that have been overlooked until now and provides future directions for young researchers. The research emphasizes that users’ locations should be protected from potential attacks on location-based services. This article offers a unique review of security issues in location-based services. Based on a systematic and detailed literature review, it identifies various research limitations and outlines clear and concise future research directions.