Biomechanical analysis of the handstand: a systematic review

In gymnastics, the handstand is one of the most important fundamental skills. It provides a progression route for transferable skills on various apparatuses i.e. (rings, beam, uneven-bars and parallel bars) and various floor disciplines (1). The handstand can be characterized as the action of maneuvering the body into a fixed body configuration in an inverted vertical position while balancing on the hands. However, this maneuver can be made extremely difficult as it involves the use ofspecific apparatuses, overall balance influences, and mechanical characteristics (2). Challenging conditions during the handstand become apparent when the distance between the base and the center of gravity is increased as a result of support of extended arms which causes decreased stability (3). The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the performance of the handstand from a biomechanical perspective.