Antiproliferative potential of Dypsis decaryi seeds supported by metabolic profiling and molecular docking

Introduction
Dypsis decaryi seeds need more phytochemical and biological attention specially on one of the most important life-threatening problems (cancer).

Methods
Total ethanol extract of D. decaryi seeds (TEEDDS, Arecaceae) and its fixed oil fraction (FOF) were subjected to UPLC-HR-ESI-MS metabolic profiling and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, respectively. Also, TEEDDS, FOF, and FOF silver nanoparticles (FOF-SNPs) were screened using 4 cell lines. FOF effects on expression of Bcl-2, Bax, P53, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in human prostate carcinoma cell line (PC-3) were evaluated and supported by docking study.

Results
Metabolic profiling of TEEDDS resulted in identification of 18 compounds. While GC-MS of FOF displayed the presence of 12 fatty acids methyl esters. TEEDDS, staurosporine, FOF, and FOF-SNPs showed IC50= 3.55, 9.81, 16.88, and 0.01 µg/mL, respectively, against PC-3 (human prostate carcinoma cell line). FOF effects on the expression of Bcl-2, Bax, P53, and EGFR in PC-3 cell lines displayed IC50= 1.09, 220.6, 619.8, and 399.64 ng/mL, respectively. The FOF major constituent (E-13-octadecenoic acid) exhibited significant affinity and binding interactions that were comparable with that of the cocrystalized inhibitor.

Discussion/Conclusions
For the first time, in vitro antiproliferative activity against PC-3, HepG-2, HCT-116, and MCF-7 cells, and chemical profiles of TEEDDS and its FOF have been noteworthy studied. FOF and FOF-SNPs displayed the highest activities particularly on PC-3. Additionally, FOF showed significant activities on Bcl-2, Bax, P53, and EGFR, which was also supported by docking study. These results highlight that FOF and FOF-SNPs could have potent antiproliferative activity against PC-3 cell lines and may play an important role in antiproliferative drug development.