A longitudinal study looking at the impact of COVID-19 restrictions and transitions on psychological distress in caregivers of children with Intellectual Disabilities in the UK

Karri Gillespie-Smith; Karen Goodall; Doug McConachie; Jo Van Herwegen; Hayley Crawford; Carrie Ballantyne; Caroline Richards; Thomas Gallagher-Mitchell; Joanna Moss; Grace Khawam; Laura Outhwaite; Emily Marriott; Freyja Steindorsdottir; Hope Christie

doi:10.1002/jcv2.12261

A longitudinal study looking at the impact of COVID-19 restrictions and transitions on psychological distress in caregivers of children with Intellectual Disabilities in the UK

Karri Gillespie-Smith^*, Karen Goodall, Doug McConachie, Jo Van Herwegen, Hayley Crawford, Carrie Ballantyne, Caroline Richards, Thomas Gallagher-Mitchell, Joanna Moss, Grace Khawam, Laura Outhwaite, Emily Marriott, Freyja Steindorsdottir, Hope Christie

^*Corresponding author for this work

School of Education and Social Sciences

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

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Abstract

Introduction: The current study explored longitudinally whether child behaviours that challenge and caregiver coping strategies was associated with psychological distress in caregivers of children with and without intellectual disability during and after lockdown.

Method: An online survey was completed by caregivers who had children with and without intellectual disability during Time Period 1 (T1; August-December 2021, n = 171) and then again during Time Period 2 (T2; January-March 2022, n = 109).

Results: Child behaviours that challenge and caregiver psychological distress reduced in T2 compared to T1. Child behaviours that challenge, emotion focused coping and avoidant coping was associated distress at both time points in caregivers of children with and without intellectual disabilities.

Conclusions: The study shows that both child behaviours that challenge and caregiver psychological distress reduced as lockdown ended. However, caregiver coping strategies may have contributed to psychological distress, which has implications for interventions and support for caregivers.

Original language	English
Article number	e12261
Number of pages	16
Journal	JCPP Advances
Early online date	6 Sept 2024
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1002/jcv2.12261
Publication status	E-pub ahead of print - 6 Sept 2024

Keywords

intellectual disabilities
COVID-19
longitudinal
coping
mental health

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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2024 05 30 Gillespie-Smith et al COVID finalFinal published version, 331 KBLicence: CC BY 4.0

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Gillespie-Smith, K., Goodall, K., McConachie, D., Van Herwegen, J., Crawford, H., Ballantyne, C., Richards, C., Gallagher-Mitchell, T., Moss, J., Khawam, G., Outhwaite, L., Marriott, E., Steindorsdottir, F., & Christie, H. (2024). A longitudinal study looking at the impact of COVID-19 restrictions and transitions on psychological distress in caregivers of children with Intellectual Disabilities in the UK. JCPP Advances, Article e12261. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcv2.12261

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title = "A longitudinal study looking at the impact of COVID-19 restrictions and transitions on psychological distress in caregivers of children with Intellectual Disabilities in the UK",

abstract = "Introduction: The current study explored longitudinally whether child behaviours that challenge and caregiver coping strategies was associated with psychological distress in caregivers of children with and without intellectual disability during and after lockdown. Method: An online survey was completed by caregivers who had children with and without intellectual disability during Time Period 1 (T1; August-December 2021, n = 171) and then again during Time Period 2 (T2; January-March 2022, n = 109). Results: Child behaviours that challenge and caregiver psychological distress reduced in T2 compared to T1. Child behaviours that challenge, emotion focused coping and avoidant coping was associated distress at both time points in caregivers of children with and without intellectual disabilities. Conclusions: The study shows that both child behaviours that challenge and caregiver psychological distress reduced as lockdown ended. However, caregiver coping strategies may have contributed to psychological distress, which has implications for interventions and support for caregivers. ",

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author = "Karri Gillespie-Smith and Karen Goodall and Doug McConachie and {Van Herwegen}, Jo and Hayley Crawford and Carrie Ballantyne and Caroline Richards and Thomas Gallagher-Mitchell and Joanna Moss and Grace Khawam and Laura Outhwaite and Emily Marriott and Freyja Steindorsdottir and Hope Christie",

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Gillespie-Smith, K, Goodall, K, McConachie, D, Van Herwegen, J, Crawford, H, Ballantyne, C, Richards, C, Gallagher-Mitchell, T, Moss, J, Khawam, G, Outhwaite, L, Marriott, E, Steindorsdottir, F & Christie, H 2024, 'A longitudinal study looking at the impact of COVID-19 restrictions and transitions on psychological distress in caregivers of children with Intellectual Disabilities in the UK', JCPP Advances. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcv2.12261

TY - JOUR

T1 - A longitudinal study looking at the impact of COVID-19 restrictions and transitions on psychological distress in caregivers of children with Intellectual Disabilities in the UK

AU - Gillespie-Smith, Karri

AU - Goodall, Karen

AU - McConachie, Doug

AU - Van Herwegen, Jo

AU - Crawford, Hayley

AU - Ballantyne, Carrie

AU - Richards, Caroline

AU - Gallagher-Mitchell, Thomas

AU - Moss, Joanna

AU - Khawam, Grace

AU - Outhwaite, Laura

AU - Marriott, Emily

AU - Steindorsdottir, Freyja

AU - Christie, Hope

PY - 2024/9/6

Y1 - 2024/9/6

N2 - Introduction: The current study explored longitudinally whether child behaviours that challenge and caregiver coping strategies was associated with psychological distress in caregivers of children with and without intellectual disability during and after lockdown. Method: An online survey was completed by caregivers who had children with and without intellectual disability during Time Period 1 (T1; August-December 2021, n = 171) and then again during Time Period 2 (T2; January-March 2022, n = 109). Results: Child behaviours that challenge and caregiver psychological distress reduced in T2 compared to T1. Child behaviours that challenge, emotion focused coping and avoidant coping was associated distress at both time points in caregivers of children with and without intellectual disabilities. Conclusions: The study shows that both child behaviours that challenge and caregiver psychological distress reduced as lockdown ended. However, caregiver coping strategies may have contributed to psychological distress, which has implications for interventions and support for caregivers.

AB - Introduction: The current study explored longitudinally whether child behaviours that challenge and caregiver coping strategies was associated with psychological distress in caregivers of children with and without intellectual disability during and after lockdown. Method: An online survey was completed by caregivers who had children with and without intellectual disability during Time Period 1 (T1; August-December 2021, n = 171) and then again during Time Period 2 (T2; January-March 2022, n = 109). Results: Child behaviours that challenge and caregiver psychological distress reduced in T2 compared to T1. Child behaviours that challenge, emotion focused coping and avoidant coping was associated distress at both time points in caregivers of children with and without intellectual disabilities. Conclusions: The study shows that both child behaviours that challenge and caregiver psychological distress reduced as lockdown ended. However, caregiver coping strategies may have contributed to psychological distress, which has implications for interventions and support for caregivers.

KW - intellectual disabilities

KW - COVID-19

KW - longitudinal

KW - coping

KW - mental health

U2 - 10.1002/jcv2.12261

DO - 10.1002/jcv2.12261

M3 - Article

SN - 2692-9384

JO - JCPP Advances

JF - JCPP Advances

M1 - e12261

ER -

A longitudinal study looking at the impact of COVID-19 restrictions and transitions on psychological distress in caregivers of children with Intellectual Disabilities in the UK

Abstract

Keywords

UN SDGs

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