Personal profile
Area of academic expertise - outline
My key area of research expertise is in the psychology of language processing. My research in this area centres on inferences made during the reading of sentences, with particular focus on quantification and pragmatics, and on the processing of individual words. I use paper and pencil (online) tasks and behavioural paradigms, as well as eye tracking and EEG technology to complete this research. I am also interested in the effect of domain knowledge on reading words.
I also carry our research on cognition, chronic illness, and social interaction. During the COVID-19 pandemic I led funded, international, research (Chief Scientist’s Office, Royal Society of Edinburgh) which examined the effects of social isolation on cognitive function. I also contributed to projects tracking cognitive function in people with long-covid (funded by National Institute for Health Research and Chief Scientist’s Office).
Current research activities
I currently have a broad range of research projects underway, these include:
- Considering the complex communication abilities of older adults with and without dementia, with a specific focus on pragmatic understanding.
- Understanding the referential properties of natural language quantifiers in Polish.
- Considering parenting and cognition in people with Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder.
I have previously been involved in the following projects:
- Using Activity Tracking and Just-In-Time Messaging to Improve Adaptive Pacing: A Pragmatic Randomised Control Trial (funded by the National Institute for Health Research).
- COVID-19: Tracking persistent symptoms on Scotland (TraPSS). Examining cognitive function over time in non-hospitalised people who test positive for COVID-19 (funded by Chief Scientist Office).
- A cross-cultural comparision of the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on cognitive function in Scotland and Japan (funded by the Royal Society of Edinburgh).
- A examination of the impact of social isolation due to COVID-19 "lockdown" on cognitive function, health behaviours and mental health (funded but the Chief Scientist Office).
Desired research direction
I intend to continue my research in psycholinguistics and cognition.
I will examine theories of quantifier focus whilst expanding to broader areas of pragmatics. I will consider how older adults process non-literal language, and if their pattern of processing is affected by cognitive decline with and without dementia.
I also wish to consider how established accounts of quantifier focus and scalar implicature, in English, may be reflected in other languages. I will use understanding of quantities to inform health messaging, particularly within apps for both pacing and encouraging activity.
Other areas of expertise available for knowledge exchange
I have experience of using eye tracking and behavioural techniques to deliver applied research projects for local government, including evaluation of road safety campaigns. I have also delivered workshops on the applied uses of information framing to corporate delegates.
Target collaborative companies
Marketing, advertising and branding
Lobbyists and associated companies
Publishers of fiction based in pseudo-real locations
Target collaborative organisations
NHS Research Scotland
Local authorities (e.g. Renfrewshire Council or Glasgow City Council)
External positions
External Examiner, Bath Spa University
Member of the Young Academy of Scotland, Royal Society of Edinburgh
External Examiner, University of Wolverhampton
Expertise related to UN Sustainable Development Goals
In 2015, UN member states agreed to 17 global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure prosperity for all. This person’s work contributes towards the following SDG(s):
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SDG 3 Good Health and Well-being
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SDG 4 Quality Education
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SDG 10 Reduced Inequalities
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Collaborations and top research areas from the last five years
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A digital platform with activity tracking for energy management support in long COVID: a randomised controlled trial
Sanal-Hayes, N. E. M., Hayes, L. D., Mair, J. L., Dello Iacono, A., Ingram, J., Mclaughlin, M., Ormerod, J., Carless, D., Hilliard, N., Meach, R. & Sculthorpe, N. F., 2 Feb 2026, In: Nature Communications. 17, 12 p., 945.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
Open AccessFile3 Downloads (Pure) -
A cross-sectional study of symptom prevalence, frequency, severity, and impact of long-COVID in Scotland: part I
Mclaughlin, M., Cerexhe, L., MacDonald, E., Ingram, J., Sanal-Hayes, N. E. M., Meach, R., Carless, D. & Sculthorpe, N., 31 Jan 2025, In: The American Journal of Medicine. 138, 1, p. 121-130 10 p.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
Open AccessFile9 Link opens in a new tab Citations (Scopus)23 Downloads (Pure) -
A cross-sectional study of symptom prevalence, frequency, severity, and impact of long-COVID in Scotland: part II
Mclaughlin, M., Cerexhe, L., Macdonald, E., Ingram, J., Sanal-Hayes, N. E. M., Hayes, L. D., Meach, R., Carless, D. & Sculthorpe, N., 28 Feb 2025, In: The American Journal of Medicine. 138, 2, p. 330-336 7 p.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
Open AccessFile7 Link opens in a new tab Citations (Scopus)45 Downloads (Pure) -
"Guilt and shame": the impact of parenting with Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
Matthews, L., Gollek, C., Ingram, J., Harkess-Murphy, E. & Fallow, C., 25 Mar 2025.Research output: Contribution to conference › Presentation › peer-review
Open AccessFile28 Downloads (Pure) -
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD): insight from mothers with PMDD
Matthews, L., Fallow, C., Gollek, C., Harkess-Murphy, E., Ingram, J. & Mills, C. (Contributor), 30 Jan 2025, Paisley : University of the West of Scotland.Research output: Other contribution
Open AccessFile29 Downloads (Pure)
Activities
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Scottish Parliamentary Elections Steering Committee
Ingram, J. (Member)
2025 → …Activity: Other › Types of Business and Community - Membership of public/government advisory/policy group or panel
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Building Partnerships in Psycholinguistic Research
Ingram, J. (Organiser)
24 Nov 2020Activity: Other › Types of Public engagement and outreach - Public lecture/debate/seminar
Press/Media
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Depressiv wegen Corona? Das ist schon bald wieder vorbei!
25/04/21
1 Media contribution
Press/Media: Expert Comment
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Cognitive decline is linked to COVID-19 lockdown
Ingram, J., Hand, C. J. & Maciejewski, G.
25/03/21
1 Media contribution
Press/Media: Research
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Lockdown take toll on our ability to think
Ingram, J., Hand, C. J. & Maciejewski, G.
25/03/21
1 item of Media coverage
Press/Media: Research
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Harry Potter language study reveals how brain processes unfamiliar words
Ingram, J. & Hand, C. J.
21/09/20
1 item of Media coverage
Press/Media: Research
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Edinburgh Comic Art Festival - 'I am Batman! The Psychology of Superfans'
Brodie, Z. & Ingram, J.
16/11/17
1 item of Media coverage
Press/Media: Public Engagement Activities